Chapter 1: Unleash Linux: Getting Started with Termux

1.1 Introduction to Termux

1.1.1 What Termux is (and isn't)

1.2 Why Termux? Use Cases and Benefits

1.2.1 Portability and Convenience

1.2.2 Powerful Toolset

1.2.3 No Root Required

1.3 Installation: Getting Termux on Your Device

1.3.1 Recommended Source: F-Droid

1.3.2 Initial Startup

Installing bootstrap packages...
...
... (various package installations)
...
Welcome to Termux!

$

1.4 First Run & Basic Interaction

1.4.1 Updating and Upgrading Packages

bash
pkg update && pkg upgrade

1.4.2 Installing Your First Package

bash
pkg install htop

bash
htop

bash
pkg install neofetch
neofetch

1.4.3 Basic Shell Commands

1.5 Key Concepts in Termux

1.5.1 The Termux File System

1.5.2 Termux Package Manager (`pkg`)

1.5.3 Permissions and Storage Access (`termux-setup-storage`)

bash
termux-setup-storage

bash
ls ~/storage/downloads

1.5.4 Termux and Root

1.5.5 The Termux Extra Keys Row

1.6 Essential Initial Configuration and Tools

1.6.1 Install a Text Editor

bash
pkg install nano
Or for Vim:
pkg install vim
Or for Emacs:
pkg install emacs

bash
nano my_first_file.txt

1.6.2 Install Git

bash
pkg install git

bash
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "your.email@example.com"

1.6.3 Install OpenSSH Client

bash
pkg install openssh

bash
ssh user@remote_host

1.6.4 Keep Termux Running in the Background

bash
    termux-wake-lock
    

1.6.5 Configure the Shell Prompt (Optional)

bash
nano ~/.bashrc

bash
Add this line to ~/.bashrc
PS1='\[\e[0;32m\]\u@Termux \[\e[0;34m\]\w \$\[\e[0m\] '

bash
source ~/.bashrc

1.6.6 Consider Termux:API and Termux:Styling

1.7 Exiting Termux

1.8 Conclusion

Chapter 2: Mastering the Command Line: Core Commands and Navigation

The Termux Shell Environment

bash
~ $

Tab Completion: Your Best Friend

File System Navigation

1. `pwd`: Present Working Directory

bash
pwd

bash
~ $ pwd
/data/data/com.termux/files/home

2. `ls`: List Directory Contents

bash
ls [options] [path]

bash
    ~ $ ls
    storage
    

bash
    ~ $ ls -l
    total 0
    lrwxrwxrwx 7 root root 34 Jan  1  1970 storage -> /data/data/com.termux/files/home/storage
    

bash
    ~ $ ls -lah
    total 8.0K
    drwx------  2 u0_a209 u0_a209 4.0K Aug 17 09:30 .
    drwx------  4 u0_a209 u0_a209 4.0K Aug 17 09:30 ..
    lrwxrwxrwx  7 root    root      34 Jan  1  1970 storage -> /data/data/com.termux/files/home/storage
    

3. `cd`: Change Directory

bash
cd [directory_path]

bash
    ~ $ mkdir MyProjects
    ~ $ cd MyProjects
    ~/MyProjects $ pwd
    /data/data/com.termux/files/home/MyProjects
    

bash
    ~/MyProjects $ cd ..
    ~ $ pwd
    /data/data/com.termux/files/home
    

bash
    ~/MyProjects $ cd
    ~ $ pwd
    /data/data/com.termux/files/home
    

bash
    ~ $ cd MyProjects
    ~/MyProjects $ cd ..
    ~ $ cd -
    ~/MyProjects $
    

File and Directory Management

1. `mkdir`: Make Directory

bash
mkdir [directory_name]

bash
~ $ mkdir Documents
~ $ mkdir Images Videos
~ $ ls
Documents  Images  MyProjects  Videos  storage

2. `touch`: Create Empty Files

bash
touch [filename]

bash
~ $ cd Documents
~/Documents $ touch report.txt notes.md
~/Documents $ ls
notes.md  report.txt

3. `cp`: Copy Files and Directories

bash
cp [options] [source] [destination]

bash
    ~/Documents $ cp report.txt final_report.txt
    ~/Documents $ ls
    final_report.txt  notes.md  report.txt
    

bash
    ~/Documents $ cp report.txt ~/MyProjects/
    ~/Documents $ ls ~/MyProjects/
    report.txt
    

bash
    ~ $ cp -r Documents Archives
    ~ $ ls
    Archives  Documents  Images  MyProjects  Videos  storage
    ~ $ ls Archives
    final_report.txt  notes.md  report.txt
    

4. `mv`: Move or Rename Files and Directories

bash
mv [options] [source] [destination]

bash
    ~/Documents $ ls
    final_report.txt  notes.md  report.txt
    ~/Documents $ mv report.txt old_report.txt
    ~/Documents $ ls
    final_report.txt  notes.md  old_report.txt
    

bash
    ~/Documents $ mv old_report.txt ~/Archives/
    ~/Documents $ ls
    final_report.txt  notes.md
    ~/Documents $ ls ~/Archives/
    final_report.txt  notes.md  old_report.txt
    

bash
    ~ $ mv Archives Old_Archives
    ~ $ ls
    Documents  Images  MyProjects  Old_Archives  Videos  storage
    

5. `rm`: Remove Files and Directories

bash
rm [options] [file_or_directory]

bash
    ~/Documents $ touch temp.txt
    ~/Documents $ rm -i temp.txt
    rm: remove 'temp.txt'? y
    

bash
    ~/Documents $ touch another_temp.txt
    ~/Documents $ rm another_temp.txt
    

bash
    ~ $ mkdir EmptyDir
    ~ $ rm -r EmptyDir
    

bash
    ~ $ rm -r Old_Archives
    

Viewing File Contents

1. `cat`: Concatenate and Display

bash
cat [filename(s)]

bash
~/Documents $ echo "This is a test report." > report.txt
~/Documents $ cat report.txt
This is a test report.

2. `less`: Page Through File Contents

bash
less [filename]

bash
~/Documents $ less report.txt

3. `head` and `tail`: View Start or End of Files

bash
head [options] [filename]
tail [options] [filename]

bash
~/Documents $ echo "Line 1" > long_file.txt
~/Documents $ echo "Line 2" >> long_file.txt
~/Documents $ echo "Line 3" >> long_file.txt
~/Documents $ echo "Line 4" >> long_file.txt
~/Documents $ echo "Line 5" >> long_file.txt
~/Documents $ echo "Line 6" >> long_file.txt
~/Documents $ echo "Line 7" >> long_file.txt
~/Documents $ echo "Line 8" >> long_file.txt
~/Documents $ echo "Line 9" >> long_file.txt
~/Documents $ echo "Line 10" >> long_file.txt
~/Documents $ echo "Line 11" >> long_file.txt

~/Documents $ head -n 3 long_file.txt
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3

~/Documents $ tail -n 2 long_file.txt
Line 10
Line 11

Getting Help: `man` and `--help`

1. `man`: Manual Pages

bash
man [command_name]

bash
~ $ man ls

2. `--help` Flag

bash
[command_name] --help

bash
~ $ ls --help

Basic Input/Output Redirection and Pipes

1. Redirection (`>`, `>>`, `<`)

bash
    ~ $ ls > file_list.txt
    ~ $ cat file_list.txt
    Documents
    Images
    long_file.txt
    MyProjects
    Videos
    storage
    

bash
    ~ $ echo "--- End of list ---" >> file_list.txt
    ~ $ cat file_list.txt
    Documents
    Images
    long_file.txt
    MyProjects
    Videos
    storage
    --- End of list ---
    

2. Pipes (`|`)

bash
command1 | command2 | command3

bash
    ~ $ ls -lah | less
    

bash
    ~ $ ls -l | grep .txt
    -rw-rw-rw- 1 u0_a209 u0_a209     88 Aug 17 10:05 file_list.txt
    -rw-rw-rw- 1 u0_a209 u0_a209     66 Aug 17 10:04 long_file.txt
    

Conclusion

Chapter 3: Expanding Your Toolkit: Package Management and File System Essentials

3.1 The Heart of Termux: Package Management with `pkg` and `apt`

3.1.1 Why Package Management Matters

3.1.2 Getting Started: `pkg update` and `pkg upgrade`

bash
    pkg update
    

bash
    pkg upgrade
    

3.1.3 Installing and Removing Packages

bash
    pkg install nano
    

bash
    pkg uninstall nano
    # OR
    pkg remove nano
    

bash
    pkg autoremove
    

bash
    pkg search editor
    

bash
    pkg show nano
    

bash
    pkg list         # Lists installed packages
    pkg list-all     # Lists all available packages in the repositories
    

bash
termux-change-repo

bash
termux-setup-storage

bash
cd ~/storage/downloads
ls

bash
    pkg install nano
    nano my_script.sh
    

bash
    pkg install vim
    vim my_script.sh
    

Chapter 4: Personalizing Your Powerhouse: Themes, Shells, and Automation

4.1 Enhancing Visuals: Themes, Fonts, and Prompt Customization

4.1.1 Terminal Styling: The Termux:Styling Add-on

4.1.2 Custom Fonts (Advanced)

4.1.3 Prompt Customization (PS1)

bash
Example .bashrc snippet for a colorful prompt
Colors:
\[ \] encapsulates non-printable characters for proper line wrapping
\e[xxm sets foreground/background color; \e[0m resets
Black: 30, Red: 31, Green: 32, Yellow: 33, Blue: 34, Magenta: 35, Cyan: 36, White: 37
Bold: 1, Underline: 4, Reset: 0


Green username, blue host, yellow path, white dollar sign
PS1="\[\e[32;1m\]\u@\h\[\e[34m\]:\w\[\e[0m\]\$ "

A more complex prompt showing Git branch (requires `git` to be installed)
if [ -x "$(command -v git)" ]; then
    parse_git_branch() {
        git branch 2> /dev/null | sed -e '/^[^]/d' -e 's/ \(.*\)/ (\1)/'
    }
    PS1="\[\e[32;1m\]\u@\h\[\e[34m\]:\w\[\e[33m\]\$(parse_git_branch)\[\e[0m\]\$ "
fi

zsh
Example .zshrc snippet (basic)
PROMPT="%{$fg[green]%}%n@%m%{$reset_color%}:%{$fg[blue]%}%c%{$reset_color%}%# "

With Oh My Zsh, themes are handled automatically.
e.g., ZSH_THEME="agnoster" in ~/.zshrc

fish
Example config.fish snippet (basic)
function fish_prompt
    set_color green
    echo -n (whoami)@ (hostname)
    set_color blue
    echo -n ':' (prompt_pwd)
    set_color normal
    echo -n '$ '
end

4.1.4 Color Schemes for `ls` (`LS_COLORS`)

bash
Generate a default LS_COLORS configuration file
dircolors --print-database > ~/.dircolors

Edit ~/.dircolors to customize colors for specific file types.
For example, to make executable files bright red:
EXEC 01;31


Apply the new LS_COLORS in your .bashrc/.zshrc:
eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" # For Bash
For Zsh, typically sourced via compinit or a plugin.

4.2 Choosing Your Command-Line Shell

4.2.1 Bash (Bourne Again SHell)

bash
    alias ll='ls -lh'
    alias update='pkg update && pkg upgrade'
    

bash
    mcd() { mkdir -p "$1" && cd "$1"; }
    

bash
    export EDITOR='nano'
    export PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
    

4.2.2 Zsh (Z Shell)

bash
        sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
        

zsh
        ZSH_THEME="agnoster" # Example theme
        plugins=(git z autojump) # Example plugins
        

4.2.3 Fish (Friendly Interactive SHell)

4.3 Scripting for Efficiency: Aliases, Functions, and Environment Variables

4.3.1 Aliases

4.3.2 Functions

bash
    # Bash/Zsh
    mcd() {
        mkdir -p "$1" && cd "$1"
    }
    # Fish
    function mcd
        mkdir -p "$argv[1]" && cd "$argv[1]"
    end
    

bash
    # Bash/Zsh
    gcp() {
        git add . && git commit -m "$1" && git push
    }
    # Usage: gcp "Initial commit"
    

bash
    # Bash/Zsh
    myprocs() {
        ps aux | grep "$USER" | grep -v grep
    }
    

4.3.3 Environment Variables

bash
    # Add your personal scripts directory to PATH (Bash/Zsh)
    export PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
    

bash
    # Bash/Zsh
    export EDITOR='nano' # or 'vim', 'emacs', 'micro'
    

bash
    # Bash/Zsh
    export LANG='en_US.UTF-8'
    export LC_ALL='en_US.UTF-8'
    

4.4 Automation: Making Termux Work for You

4.4.1 Scheduling Tasks: Termux-Job-Scheduler and Termux:API

bash
    pkg install termux-api
    

bash
    # Create a script (e.g., ~/bin/check_ip.sh)
    #!/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/bash
    termux-notification --title "Current IP" --content "$(curl -s ifconfig.me)"

    # Make it executable
    chmod +x ~/bin/check_ip.sh

    # Schedule it
    termux-job-scheduler --job-id 100 --period-ms 900000 --script ~/bin/check_ip.sh --battery-not-low --network-type any
    # --job-id: A unique identifier for your job.
    # --period-ms: Interval in milliseconds (900000ms = 15 minutes).
    # --script: The script to execute.
    # --battery-not-low: Only run if battery is not critically low.
    # --network-type any: Run if any network connection is available.
    

4.4.2 Boot-up Scripts: `~/.termux/boot/`

bash
    mkdir -p ~/.termux/boot
    

bash
    # Example: ~/.termux/boot/start_sshd.sh
    #!/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/bash
    termux-wake-lock # Prevent Android from killing Termux while SSHD is running
    sshd -D & # Run sshd in the background
    # Other services...
    

bash
    chmod +x ~/.termux/boot/start_sshd.sh
    

4.4.3 Termux:API Integration for Android Interaction

bash
    termux-notification --title "Task Complete" --content "My backup script finished successfully!" --vibrate 1000
    

bash
    termux-toast "Hello from Termux!" --short
    

bash
    termux-battery-status | jq .
    

bash
    termux-tts-speak "System is updating. Please wait."
    

bash
    termux-location -p gps
    

bash
    termux-camera-photo ~/DCIM/my_photo.jpg
    

bash
    termux-vibrate -d 500 # Vibrate for 500ms
    

4.4.4 Integration with Android Automation Apps (Tasker, MacroDroid)

4.5 Best Practices and Tips

Conclusion

Chapter 5: Connecting Worlds: SSH, Git, and Remote Operations

5.1 Secure Shell (SSH): Your Gateway to Remote Systems

5.1.1 Installing OpenSSH

bash
pkg install openssh

5.1.2 The SSH Client: Accessing Remote Servers

bash
ssh username@remote_host

bash
ssh -p 2222 username@remote_host

bash
    ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"
    

bash
    ssh-copy-id username@remote_host
    

bash
    cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh username@remote_host "mkdir -p ~/.ssh && chmod 700 ~/.ssh && cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys && chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys"
    

bash
nano ~/.ssh/config

Host myserver
    HostName 192.168.1.100
    User johndoe
    Port 2222
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa

Host github.com
    HostName github.com
    User git
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa

bash
ssh myserver
ssh github.com

5.1.3 Secure File Transfer with SCP and SFTP

bash
    scp /path/to/local/file username@remote_host:/path/to/remote/directory/
    

bash
    scp username@remote_host:/path/to/remote/file /path/to/local/directory/
    

bash
    scp -r /path/to/local/directory username@remote_host:/path/to/remote/parent_directory/
    

bash
    scp -P 2222 /path/to/local/file username@remote_host:/path/to/remote/directory/
    

bash
sftp username@remote_host

5.1.4 The SSH Server (sshd): Accessing Termux Remotely

bash
    sshd
    

bash
    ssh-keygen -A
    sshd
    

bash
    ifconfig # or ip a
    

bash
    passwd
    

bash
    ssh -p 8022 termux@
    

5.2 Git: Version Control and Collaboration

5.2.1 Installing Git

bash
pkg install git

5.2.2 Initial Git Configuration

bash
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "your.email@example.com"

5.2.3 Basic Git Workflow: Local Repositories

bash
mkdir myproject
cd myproject
git init

bash
echo "Hello from Termux!" > README.md
echo "my_secret_key" > .gitignore # Add a file to be ignored

bash
git add README.md
git add .gitignore

bash
git add .

bash
git commit -m "Initial commit: Added README and .gitignore"

5.2.4 Working with Remote Repositories (GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket)

bash
git clone git@github.com:username/repository.git  # SSH URL (recommended with SSH keys)

bash
git clone https://github.com/username/repository.git # HTTPS URL

bash
git push origin main

bash
git pull origin main

bash
git remote -v

bash
git remote add upstream https://github.com/original-author/repository.git

5.3 Combining SSH and Git for Seamless Operations

5.4 Other Remote Utilities

5.4.1 Rsync: Efficient File Synchronization

bash
pkg install rsync

bash
    rsync -avz /path/to/local/dir/ username@remote_host:/path/to/remote/dir/
    

bash
    rsync -avz username@remote_host:/path/to/remote/dir/ /path/to/local/dir/
    

5.4.2 Mosh: The Mobile Shell for Flaky Connections

bash
pkg install mosh

bash
mosh username@remote_host

Conclusion

Chapter 6: Your Mobile Development Lab: Programming and Building Projects

6.1. Introduction to Termux: Your Pocket Linux

6.2. Getting Started: Installation and Initial Setup

6.2.1. Installation

6.2.2. First Launch and Core Concepts

bash
    pkg update && pkg upgrade
    

bash
    termux-setup-storage
    

6.3. Package Management with `pkg`

bash
    pkg install 
    

bash
    pkg search 
    

bash
    pkg uninstall 
    

bash
    pkg list-installed
    

bash
    pkg show 
    

6.4. Programming Languages and Runtimes

6.4.1. Python

bash
pkg install python
python --version # Verify installation

bash
pip install 

6.4.2. Node.js

bash
pkg install nodejs
node --version # Verify installation
npm --version  # npm (Node Package Manager) is also installed

bash
npm install 

6.4.3. Ruby

bash
pkg install ruby
ruby --version # Verify installation

bash
gem install 

6.4.4. Go (Golang)

bash
pkg install golang
go version # Verify installation

6.4.5. Rust

bash
pkg install rust
rustc --version # Verify installation
cargo --version # Cargo (Rust's build system and package manager) is included

6.4.6. C and C++

bash
pkg install clang
clang --version # Verify C/C++ compiler

bash
Example C program (save as hello.c)
#include 
int main() {
    printf("Hello from Termux C!\n");
    return 0;
}

Compile and run
clang hello.c -o hello
./hello

6.4.7. Other Languages

6.5. Text Editors: Writing Code on Mobile

6.5.1. Nano

bash
pkg install nano
nano my_script.py

6.5.2. Vim / Neovim

bash
pkg install vim # Or pkg install neovim
vim my_script.py

6.5.3. Micro

bash
pkg install micro
micro my_script.py

6.6. Version Control: Git

bash
pkg install git
git --version # Verify installation

bash
    git config --global user.name "Your Name"
    git config --global user.email "your.email@example.com"
    

bash
    git clone https://github.com/username/repository.git
    

bash
    mkdir my_project && cd my_project
    git init
    

bash
    git add .
    git commit -m "Initial commit"
    git push origin master # Or main
    

6.6.1. SSH Keys for Git

bash
    ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your.email@example.com"
    

bash
    eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
    ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa
    

6.7. Remote Access and Utilities

6.7.1. SSH Client and Server

bash
    pkg install openssh
    ssh user@hostname_or_ip
    

bash
    pkg install openssh
    sshd
    

bash
    ifconfig
    

bash
    ssh @ -p 8022
    

6.7.2. Network Utilities

bash
    pkg install wget curl
    wget https://example.com/file.zip
    curl -O https://example.com/another_file.tar.gz
    curl https://api.github.com/users/octocat
    

bash
    pkg install iputils # for ping
    pkg install netcat
    pkg install nmap # Note: nmap might be slow on Termux
    

6.8. Building Projects: From Source to Execution

6.8.1. Compilers and Build Tools

bash
pkg install make # Essential for many build systems
pkg install cmake # Another common build system generator

c
    #include 
    int main() {
        printf("Hello from a built project!\n");
        return 0;
    }
    

makefile
    CC = clang
    CFLAGS = -Wall -Wextra

    all: myprogram

    myprogram: main.o
        $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o myprogram main.o

    main.o: main.c
        $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c main.c

    clean:
        rm -f myprogram *.o
    

bash
    make
    ./myprogram
    make clean
    

6.8.2. Dependency Management

bash
    pkg install libxml2 # This package often includes dev headers directly in Termux
    

6.8.3. Running Web Servers

bash
    python -m http.server 8000
    

bash
    php -S localhost:8000
    

bash
        pkg install termux-api
        

bash
        termux-battery-status
        

bash
        termux-toast "Hello from Termux!"
        

bash
        termux-camera-photo photo.jpg
        

bash
        termux-location
        

bash
    pkg install zsh
    chsh -s zsh # Change shell to zsh
    

Chapter 7: Deep Dive: Advanced Utilities and Network Tools

7.1 Advanced System and Text Utilities

7.1.1 System Monitoring with `htop` and `neofetch`

bash
    pkg install htop
    htop
    

bash
    pkg install neofetch
    neofetch
    

7.1.2 Terminal Multiplexing with `tmux`

bash
    pkg install tmux
    

bash
    pkg install grep # Usually pre-installed or part of coreutils
    grep "pattern" filename.txt             # Find lines containing "pattern"
    grep -r "error" /var/log/              # Recursively search for "error" in log files
    grep -i "case_insensitive" file.txt     # Case-insensitive search
    

bash
    pkg install sed # Usually pre-installed
    sed 's/old_text/new_text/g' file.txt   # Replace all occurrences of old_text with new_text
    sed '/pattern/d' file.txt              # Delete lines containing "pattern"
    sed -i 's/foo/bar/g' file.txt          # Edit file in place
    

bash
    pkg install awk # Usually pre-installed or part of gawk
    # Print the first and third columns of a space-separated file
    awk '{print $1, $3}' data.txt
    # Calculate the sum of the second column
    awk '{sum += $2} END {print sum}' numbers.txt
    

bash
    pkg install git
    

bash
    git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git # Clone a repository
    cd repo
    git status                                # Check current repository status
    git add .                                 # Stage all changes
    git commit -m "Initial commit"            # Commit changes
    git push                                  # Push changes to remote
    git pull                                  # Pull latest changes from remote
    

bash
    pkg install iputils # Includes ping
    ping google.com
    ping -c 5 192.168.1.1 # Send 5 packets
    

bash
    pkg install iproute2 # For 'ip' command
    # pkg install net-tools # For 'ifconfig' (older but still common)

    ip a                             # Show all network interfaces and their IP addresses
    ifconfig                         # (Legacy) Show network interfaces
    ip route                         # Display routing table
    

bash
    pkg install net-tools # For 'netstat'
    pkg install iproute2 # For 'ss'

    netstat -tulnp # Show all listening TCP/UDP ports with process info
    ss -tulnp      # Equivalent using ss
    

bash
    pkg install nmap
    

bash
    nmap 192.168.1.1          # Scan a single IP for common ports
    nmap -sV example.com      # Scan with service version detection
    nmap -p 22,80,443 10.0.0.0/24 # Scan specific ports on a subnet
    nmap -A scanme.nmap.org   # Aggressive scan (OS detection, version detection, script scanning, traceroute)
    

bash
    pkg install wget
    wget https://example.com/file.zip      # Download a file
    wget -r -l 1 https://example.com/     # Recursively download website (level 1)
    

bash
    pkg install curl
    curl https://api.github.com/users/octocat # Make a GET request to an API
    curl -O https://example.com/file.txt      # Download a file (saves with original name)
    curl -X POST -d "key=value" http://localhost:8080/api # Make a POST request with data
    curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d @data.json https://api.example.com/
    

bash
    pkg install openssh
    ssh user@remote_host            # Connect to remote host
    ssh -p 2222 user@remote_host    # Connect to remote host on a specific port
    ssh-keygen                      # Generate SSH key pair (for passwordless login)
    ssh-copy-id user@remote_host    # Copy public key to remote host
    

bash
    # In Termux:
    pkg install openssh
    sshd                            # Start the SSH daemon
    whoami                          # Find your Termux username (usually "u0_aXXX")
    ifconfig                        # Find your Termux device's IP address (e.g., 192.168.1.100)
    passwd                          # Set a password for your Termux user (important for SSH login)
    

bash
    ssh u0_aXXX@192.168.1.100 -p 8022 # Termux SSH server runs on port 8022 by default
    

bash
    # Copy file from Termux to remote:
    scp /path/to/local/file.txt user@remote_host:/path/to/remote/
    # Copy file from remote to Termux:
    scp user@remote_host:/path/to/remote/file.txt /path/to/local/
    

bash
    pkg install rsync
    

bash
    # Sync a local directory to a remote server over SSH:
    rsync -avz /path/to/local/dir/ user@remote_host:/path/to/remote/dir/
    # -a: archive mode (preserves permissions, timestamps, etc.)
    # -v: verbose output
    # -z: compress file data during transfer

    # Sync a remote directory to local Termux:
    rsync -avz user@remote_host:/path/to/remote/dir/ /path/to/local/dir/
    

bash
        ngrok authtoken  # Authenticate your ngrok account
        ngrok http 8080                    # Expose a local web server running on port 8080
        

bash
        ssh -L 8080:remote_host:80 user@tunnel_host
        

bash
        ssh -R 8080:localhost:80 user@remote_host
        

bash
    pkg install python
    

python
    import socket

    HOST = '0.0.0.0'  # Listen on all available interfaces
    PORT = 12345

    with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
        s.bind((HOST, PORT))
        s.listen()
        print(f"Listening on {HOST}:{PORT}")
        conn, addr = s.accept()
        with conn:
            print(f"Connected by {addr}")
            while True:
                data = conn.recv(1024)
                if not data:
                    break
                print(f"Received: {data.decode()}")
                conn.sendall(b"Hello from Termux!")
    

Chapter 8: Putting It All Together: Practical Termux Projects and Use Cases

8.1. Setting the Stage: Essential Foundations

bash
    pkg update && pkg upgrade
    

bash
    termux-setup-storage
    

bash
    pkg install termux-api
    

8.2. Portable Development Environments

8.2.1. Python Development

bash
pkg install python

bash
nano hello.py

python
print("Hello from Termux Python!")

bash
python hello.py

bash
pip install requests

8.2.2. Node.js and npm

bash
pkg install nodejs

bash
nano app.js

javascript
console.log("Hello from Termux Node.js!");

bash
node app.js

bash
mkdir my_node_app
cd my_node_app
npm init -y # Initializes a new project
npm install express

8.2.3. Git for Version Control

bash
pkg install git

bash
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "your.email@example.com"

bash
git clone https://github.com/torvalds/linux.git

8.2.4. Text Editors

bash
pkg install nano
OR
pkg install vim

8.3. Local Web Server and Development

8.3.1. Nginx with PHP-FPM

bash
pkg install nginx php-fpm

nginx
    server {
        listen 8080;
        server_name localhost;
        root /data/data/com.termux/files/home/www; # Your web root
        index index.php index.html index.htm;

        location / {
            try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
        }

        location ~ \.php$ {
            include fastcgi_params;
            fastcgi_pass unix:/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/var/run/php-fpm.sock;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            fastcgi_read_timeout 300s;
        }
    }
    

bash
    mkdir ~/www
    

php
    Hello from Termux Nginx + PHP!";
    echo "
PHP version: " . phpversion() . "
";
    ?>
    

bash
nginx
php-fpm

bash
nginx -s stop
killall php-fpm

8.3.2. Python's Simple HTTP Server

bash
cd ~/www
python -m http.server 8000

8.4. Remote Access and Management

8.4.1. SSH Client

bash
pkg install openssh

bash
ssh user@hostname_or_ip

bash
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096

8.4.2. SSH Server (Termux as Server)

bash
    passwd
    

bash
    sshd
    

bash
    ifconfig
    

bash
    ssh -p 8022 termux@
    

bash
    pkg install x11-repo
    

bash
    pkg install tigervnc xfce4 # Or lxqt, mate, etc.
    

bash
    vncserver
    

bash
    nano ~/.vnc/xstartup
    

bash
    vncserver :1 # Or your chosen display number
    

bash
    pkg install iputils # contains ping
    ping google.com
    

bash
    pkg install traceroute
    traceroute google.com
    

bash
    pkg install nmap
    nmap -sV -p 20-100 192.168.1.1 # Scan common ports with service version detection
    

bash
    pkg install wget
    wget https://example.com/somefile.zip
    

bash
    pkg install curl
    curl -I https://google.com # Get HTTP headers
    

bash
    pkg install rsync
    rsync -avz local_dir/ user@remote_host:~/remote_dir/
    

bash
pkg install cronie

bash
    crond
    

bash
    crontab -e
    

    0 3   * pkg update && pkg upgrade
    

bash
pkg install termux-api

bash
    termux-toast "Hello from Termux API!"
    

bash
    termux-battery-status
    

bash
    termux-sms-send -n "PHONE_NUMBER" "Your message here"
    

bash
    termux-notification --title "Important" --content "Task completed successfully!"
    

bash
nano check_battery.sh

bash
#!/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/bash

BATTERY_STATUS=$(termux-battery-status | jq -r '.percentage')

if [ "$BATTERY_STATUS" -le 20 ]; then
    termux-notification --title "Battery Alert" --content "Battery at ${BATTERY_STATUS}%. Please charge!" --id "low_battery"
fi

bash
chmod +x check_battery.sh

bash
crontab -e
Add this line:
/15    * /data/data/com.termux/files/home/check_battery.sh

bash
pkg install ffmpeg

bash
    ffmpeg -i input.mp4 output.mkv
    

bash
    ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vn audio.mp3
    

bash
    ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf scale=640:-1 output_640.mp4
    

bash
pkg install imagemagick

bash
    convert input.jpg -resize 50% output_half.jpg
    

bash
    convert input.png -pointsize 30 -fill red -gravity SouthEast -annotate +10+10 "Termux Power" output_text.png
    

bash
pkg install zip unzip tar

bash
    zip -r my_archive.zip my_folder/
    

bash
    unzip my_archive.zip
    

bash
    tar -czvf my_backup.tar.gz my_data/
    

bash
    tar -xzvf my_backup.tar.gz